5. during → while, during是介词， 不可引导从句。
6. since → before, not long before(不久……就……)。
7. but → as, not so much...as(与其说……不如说)。
8. or → and, between...and...(在……与……之间)。
9. for—that, that(so that, in order that)+may(might)(为了……)表示目的的连接词， 而for为表示原因的连接词。
10. and—or， 表示选择。
第十节 从句与一致关系
一、 名词性从句
短代改错对名词性从句的考查侧重于连词的选择和从句的时态。
1. 检查语序是否正确。
2. 检查连接词是否误用。
3. 检查是否漏掉了连接词， 尤其是主语从句和同位语从句中的that。
4. 检查宾语从句与主句的时态呼应是否正确。
5. 检查主语从句与谓语的数是否一致。
6. 检查主语从句后置时， 作形式主语的it是否出现。
7. 检查有无if与whether的误用。
二、 定语从句
定语从句的改错主要涉及关系代词、 关系副词的运用以及定语从句中的主谓一致问题。
1. 判断关系代词及关系副词的使用是否正确。
2. 判断先行词与定语从句的谓语动词的数是否一致。
3. 检查关系代词的格的使用是否正确， 尤其是在关系代词作主语和介词前置时。
4. 检查有无关系副词与介词重复使用的情况。
5. 检查有无漏掉作主语的关系代词的情况。
6. 检查非限制性定语从句的关系代词使用是否正确。
7. 检查定语从句中除了关系代词或关系副词外， 是否还有多余的代词或副词。
三、 一致关系
1. 检查主谓在数上是否违背了语法一致的原则。
2. 检查主谓在数上是否违背了意义一致的原则。
3. 检查主谓在数上是否违背了邻近原则。
练 习
1. My roommate lives in a small town in central Missouri, a quiet town which I would like to live myself.
2. The United States is composed of fifty states; two of those are separated from the others by land or water.
3. What far is it from here to the station?
4. They want to know how they can do to help us.
5. —Who’s got all my money?
—I do.
6. You smoke again! Why not to give it up?
7. These photos will show you how our village looks like.
8. Someone is at the door. Who is he?
9. —Those shirts are very expensive.
—Do you know how they cost?
10. —Who you think is the richest man in this town?
—I think Mr. Kim is.
注 释
1. which → where， to live → to live in， live是不及物动词。
2. of those → of which, those不是关系代词， 不可引导定语从句。
3. What → How, what修饰名词， 而how修饰形容词、 副词， 用于感叹句。
4. how → what， what作引导词， 同时作they can do中动词do的宾语。
5. I do → I have.
6. to give it up → give it up, why not其后接不带to的不定式。
7. how → what, 从句中looks like中的like是介词， 提问的是like后的宾语。
8. he → it.
9. how → how much/what.
10. who you think → who do you think， do you think是插入语， 去掉插入语， 应是陈述语序的疑问句。
第十一节 倒装与省略
1. 检查是否有该倒装而未倒装的情况。
2. 检查是否有该省略而未省略的情况。
练 习
将下列各句改为倒装句， 并强调划线部分的语气。
1.The defeated army ran away, leaving many wounded soldiers.
2.We can know the past, but we only feel the future.
3.The news impressed me so strongly that I could not utter a word for some time.
4.Our eyes are opened only after we have made a mistake.
5.I have often heard it said that he is not trustworthy.
6.His faithful dog sat by his side.
7.We must in no case imagine that material comfort is the final goal of human happiness.
8.I never expected that the man would turn up at the meeting.
9. I found so many happy people nowhere else.
10. he said good-bye to me and he drove off.
注 释
1. Away ran the defeated army....
2. ...but the future we only feel.
3. So strongly did the news impress me that....
4. Only after we have made a mistake are our eyes opened.
5. Often have I heard it said....
6. By his side sat his faithful dog....
7. In no case must we imagine....
8. Never did I expect that....
9. Nowhere else did I find....
10. He said good-bye to me, and off he drove.
第二章
短代改错综合练习
Exercise 1
It is Sunday today. I have been studying all day long. On 1. _______
the morning, I had dry breakfast. We had no water to2. _______
drink because the water supply had cut off. The water had 3. _______
come back in the evening. I did maths then. I didn’t stop after 4. _______
12 o’clock. After a short lunch I had the break. Then I went to5. _______
my Sunday English class.
After a long and tired class for more than two hours, I got 6. _______
to home. Some work had been done but some hadn’t. I must 7. _______
review all my subject such as the Sciences and the Humanities, 8. _______
which include Chinese, English, Politics and History as 9. _______
well. That’s terribly! Especially when there was no water. 10. ______
答案及解析
1. On改为In。in the morning为固定搭配。
2. dry前加a。一般来讲， 三餐前不加任何冠词， 但当三餐前有形容词修饰时， 则必须在形容词前加不定冠词。如：We usually have breakfast at eight. I have a wonderful breakfast this morning.
3. 第一个had后加been。根据逻辑， 此处应为被动语态。
4. after改为until。构成“not...until...”句型。
5. the改为a。have a break意为“休息一会儿”， 为固定搭配。
6. tired改为tiring。tired为形容词“劳累的”， 多用来修饰人； tiring也为形容词， 意为“令人劳累的”， 用来修饰事物。
7. 删去to。home为副词。
8. subject改为subjects。subject是可数名词。
9. 此行无错。
10.terribly改为terrible。系动词后要用形容词。
Exercise 2
Dear students,
The Students’ Union was going to hold an English Speech 1. _______
contest in the evening of December 30. The purpose 2. _______
is increase the students’ interest in learning English and 3. _______
improve their spoken English. Which is going to be held in4. _______
the school main hall and will begins at 7:30. And the 5. _______
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