4.当不定式作宾语， 且后面又有宾语补足语时， 通常用it作形式宾语来代替不定式， 而把不定式后置。
5. had better, would rather than等词的后面只跟不带to的不定式。
6. 动词不定式的一般式表示它与谓语动词同时发生， 或在其后发生； 其完成式则表示动作发生在谓语动词之前。但要注意动词plan, expect, wish, intend, mean, want, would(should) like等后面的不定式的完成式表示原打算要做而最终未做成的事情。
二、 动词的-ing形式改错指导
以下动词只能跟-ing形式作宾语， 不能跟不定式。如： advise, admit, avoid, allow, consider, delay, enjoy, escape, excuse, finish, appreciate, imagine, include, mention, miss, prevent, quit, resist, risk, stand, suggest, understand等。
三、 过去分词改错指导
注意下列几组动词的-ing形式和过去分词之间的区别： surprising(令人吃惊的)， surprised(感到惊讶的)； interesting(令人感兴趣的)， interested(感兴趣的)； disappointing(令人失望的)， disappointed(感到失望的)； encouraging(令人鼓舞的)， encouraged(感到鼓舞的)
练 习
1. I was used to go to the cinema once a week.
2. He has never been heard speak ill of others.
3. We hear it say frequently that what present-day men most desire is security.
4. He always enjoys to read a detective story.
5. His father would not let him to go.
6. It is difficult to make yourself understand in English.
7. You should avoid to keep company with such people.
8. Smiling graciously, my offer was accepted by him.
9. You had better not to go there.
10. The doctor advised me giving up to smoke.
注 释
1. was used to → used to， used to +动词原形表示过去的习惯， be used to+名词/动名词表示习惯的持续。
2. speak → to speak， 感观动词/使役动词改为被动语态时， 要将主动态时省去的“to”还原。
3. say → said， said是过去分词作补足语， 而it是形式主语。
4. to read → reading, enjoy其后只可加动名词。
5. to go → go, let是使役动词， 其后接不带to的不定式作补足语。
6. understand → understood, make oneself understood译为“使别人了解自己的意图即自己被别人理解”。
7. to keep → keeping， avoid其后加动名词作宾语。
8. my offer was accepted by him → he accepted my offer， 分词短语smiling graciously的动作执行者是he， 而不是my offer。
9. to go → go， had better其后接动词原形。
10.giving up to smoke → giving up smoking, advise sb. to do sth.,而give up其后接动名词或名词。
第四节 形容词与副词
在短代改错中见到形容词和副词时， 检查句中是否误把形容词作副词或误把副词用作形容词， 尤其是一些词形完全一样的形容词与副词。
1. 检查句中形容词与副词的位置是否正确。
2. 若句中有系动词， 检查其后跟的是形容词还是副词。
3. 检查句中有无易混淆的形容词的误用和易混淆的副词的误用。
4. 检查句中有无形容词与副词的比较级和最高级的构成错误。
5. 检查句中有无形容词与副词的比较级和最高级的使用错误。
6. 检查并列结构前后形容词与副词的级别是否对等。
练 习
1. He was impossible to find it out.
2. You should be respectable towards your teachers.
3. I am absolutely uncapable to tell a lie.
4. I’ll be convenient next Sunday.
5. You must make your parents happily.
6. He looked differently after his return from Europe.
7. The number of girls is very few.
8. This shirt is wool(l)en.
9. Let asleep dogs lie.
10. All the present students must cast their votes.
注 释
1. impossible → unable. Impossible是非人称形容词， 不可用来修饰人， 或可用It is impossible for him to find it out.
2. respectable → respectful(恭敬的), respectable(可尊敬的)。
3. uncapable → unable/uncap able to tell或incapable of telling, capable的反义词是incapable, be unable to+动词原形， be incapable of + doing(没有能力做)。
4. I’ll be convenient next Sunday → Next Sunday will be convenient to me ,convenient是非人称形容词。
5. happily → happy, 这里是宾语+宾语补足语。
6. differently → different, look是感观动词， 其后要用形容词修饰其主语。
7. few → small， 主语The number(表示数目)用small/large表示大小。
8. is woolen → (made) of wool, 该句还可写为“This is a woolen shirt.” woolen只可用作定语， 不可用作表语。
9. asleep → sleeping, asleep是睡熟的， 不可用作定语。Let sleeping dogs lie.(勿惹是生非， 勿打草惊蛇)。
10.the present students → the students present(出席的学生), the peasant students(现在的学生)。
第五节 冠 词
1. 检查有无两个不定冠词之间的误用。
2. 检查有无定冠词不定冠词之间的误用。
3. 检查有无漏用冠词的情况。
4. 检查有无错用冠词的情况。
练 习
1. Last Sunday we went to school to play basketball.
2. Plato left behind him a view of the universe set forth in his dialogue in an unique combination of logic and drama.
3. I have read a interesting story.
4. What kind of a book do you have?
5. You’re in right; it’s not your fault.
6. The most of us are flattered when we receive a compliment.
7. Why are you at home in such a fine weather?
8. He was elected the Mayor of New York.
9. Horse is useful animal.
10. Goldsmith is said to have traveled from a place to a place.
注 释
1. school → the school， 表示去某场所而不是去上学(go to school)。
2. an → an unique［ju?蘖nik］其第一音素是辅音。
3. a → an.
4. a book → book, kind of后面名词不加不定冠词。
5. right → the right, in the right(有理)， 而in right右边。
6. The most → Most, most表示大多数时不加the。
7. in such a fine weather → in such fine weather. weather是不可数名词。
8. The Mayor → Mayor独一无二的官职、 头衔， 职称作补足语或表语时不加冠词。
9. horse → A horse， horse是可数名词单数形式其前面必须有冠词， 不可单独使用在句子中。
useful animal → a useful animal.
10.from a place to a place → from place to place, 两个相对等的名词由and连接表示一种习惯用语时不加冠词。
第六节 代 词
一、 人称代词改错指导
1. 注意人称代词单复数的使用。
2. 注意人称代词主格和宾格的区别。
二、 物主代词改错指导
对物主代词的考查主要涉及：
1. 形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词之间的区别。
2. 物主代词指代的使用。
三、 反身代词改错指导
表示“某人自己”的代词称作反身代词。它在句中可作宾语、 同位语和状语， 但不能作主语。在使用反身代词时， 同样要注意其单复数和人称必须与所指代的名词一致。
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